[世界文化遗产荟萃](10分)
都江堰是我国古代著名的水利工程。阅读材料: 
材料一在修建都江堰的过程中,李冰发现当地妇女们在竹篮里装石头,将溪水壅深后洗衣服,受此启发发明了满装卵石的竹笼,配合杩槎做成了活动拦水坝;利用热胀冷缩原理,用大火烧山使岩石发热,趁热浇上凉水(另一说用醋浇)使石头爆裂,顺利地在玉垒山开凿了用于分流的“宝瓶口”;在水中设立石人以观测水位等等。           
——凌峰《从都江堰看水文化创造》
材料二都江堰治水文化是中国传统文化中“天人合一”观念的具体表现。这一工程建立在对河道、水流、泥沙等深刻认识的基础之上的;而且二千年来,它不仅没有对岷江河道、枢纽所在的周边地区、以及灌区内产生任何生态与环境的负面效应,反而促进了整个成都平原生态效益、环境效益、社会效益与经济效益的进一步提高与协调发展。
——李可可《都江堰——天人合一的典范》
请回答:
(1)依据材料概括都江堰的设计特点。(2分)
(2)依据两则材料,概括都江堰“天人合一”观念的具体表现。这种设计理念有什么具体作用?(8分)

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