(18分)(选修模块3:现代生物科技专题)

请回答下列与哺乳动物精子和卵子发生有关的问题:

(1)精细胞经变形后,高尔基体发育形成精子的顶体,顶体内含有的___________能协助精子穿过卵母细胞的放射冠和透明带。

(2)某动物排卵时,减数第一次分裂尚未完成,此时卵子处于__________卵母细胞阶段,当该细胞发育至减数第二次分裂___________期时,才具备受精能力。若在卵黄膜和透明带之间看到两个极体,则表明__________过程已完成。

(3)动物的早期胚胎移植到同种且__________与供体相同的动物体内,使之继续发育为新个体的技术叫做胚胎移植。为了获得更多的早期胚胎,常用__________激素对供体进行处理,其目的是获得更多的_________,经人工受精后可得到早期胚胎。用某染料鉴定胚胎细胞是否为活细胞时,发现活胚胎细胞不能被染色,其原因是活细胞膜__________。

(4)若要通过胚胎移植获得遗传物质完全相同的两个新个体,可对发育到桑椹期或囊胚期阶段的早期胚胎进行_________处理,再植入到受体内。若要对早期胚胎进行长期保存,应将其置于__________条件下。

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