职业技能类

Going Her Own Way When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education. Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school, though some attended private Catholic "finishing" schools. There they learned a little about music, art, needlework, and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria — or her mother. By this time, she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the park. Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school, something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time, there were two types of high schools: the "classical”, schools and the "technical" schools. In the classical schools, the students followed a very traditional program of studies, with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature, and Italian literature and history. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools. Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modern than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages, mathematics, science, and accounting. Most people — including Maria’s father — believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore, they did not think it was proper for girls to study them. Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school, she had to win her father's approval. She finally did, with her mother's help, though for many years after, there was tension in the family. Maria's father continued to oppose her plans, while her mother helped her. In 1883, at age thirteen, Maria entered the "Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti "in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects, the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.Maria’s father probably . A had a modern view about womenB had a traditional view about womenC was interested in women's educationD thought Latin was easy for women
答案如下:
B
解析: 在第三段里讲到技术中学比经典的中学更现代化,教授现代语言、数学、科学、会计等科目。大多数人,包括Maria的父亲认为女孩子学不了这些科目,甚至认为女孩子不该学这些东西。可见他对女性的观点是很传统的。
Traffic Jams — No End in Sight1 Traffic congestion (拥堵)affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U.S., commuters (通勤人员)spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.2 The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.3 Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flexitime , which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.4 Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them.5 Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the $50 billion being spent on roads and bridges. Paragraph 2 A Paying to get inB A solution which is no solutionC Changing work practiceD Closing city centres to trafficE Not doing enoughF A global problem
答案如下:
A
解析: 第二段讲述了控制交通量的一个方法,即对在某个时间进入某个区域的车辆征收费用。
Making a Loss Is the Height of Fashion Given that a good year in the haute couture (高级定制女装)business is one where you lose even more money than usual, the prevailing mood in Paris last week was sensational. The big-name designers were falling over themselves to boast of how many outfits they had sold at below cost price, and how this proved that the fashion business was healthier than ever. Jean-Pau Gaultier reported record sales," but we don't make any money out of it," the designer assured journalists backstage. "No matter how successful you are, you can’t make a profit from couture,” explained Jean-Jacques Picart, a veteran fashion PR man, and co-founder of the now-bankrupt Lacroix house. Almost 20 years have passed since the unusual economics of the couture business were first exposed. Outraged that he was losing money on evening dresses costing tens of thousands of pounds,the couturier Jean-Louis Scherrer published a detailed summary of his costs. One outfit he described curtained over half a mile of gold thread,18,000 sequins (亮片), and had required hundreds of hours of hand-stitching in an atelier (制作室). A fair price would have been £50, 000, but the couturier could only get £35,000 for it. Rather than riding high on the foolishness of the super-rich, he and his team could barely feed their hungry families. The result was an outcry and the first of a series of government — and industry — sponsored inquiries into the surreal (超现实的)world of ultimate fashion. The trade continues to insist that couture offers you more than you pay for, but it's not as simple as that. When such a temple of old wealth starts talking about value for money, it isn't to convince anyone that dresses costing as much as houses are a bargain. Rather, it is to preserve the peculiar mystique (神秘), lucrative (利润丰厚的)associations and threatened interests that couture represents. Essentially, the arguments couldn't be simpler. On one side are those who say that the business will die if it doesn't change. On the other are those who say it will die if it does. What's not in doubt is that haute couture — the term translates as "high sewing"一 is highly dated. Huge in its costs, tiny in its clientele and questionable in its influence, it still remains one of the great themes of Parisian life. In his book, The Fashion Conspiracy, Nicholas Coleridge estimates that the entire couture industry rests on the whims (一时兴起)of less than 30 immensely wealthy women, and although the number may have grown in recent years with the new prosperity of Asia, the number of couture customers worldwide is no more than 4,000. To qualify as couture, a garment must be entirely handmade by one of the 11 Paris couture houses registered to the Chambre Syndicate de la Haute Couture. Each house must employ at least 20 people, and show a minimum of 75 new designs a year. So far,so traditional, but the Big Four operators — Chanel, Dior, Givenchy and Gaultier — increasingly use couture as a marketing device for their far more profitable ready-to-wear, fragrance and accessory lines. According to the second paragraph, Jean-Louis Scherrer . A was very angry as he was losing moneyB was in a worse financial position than other couturiersC was one of the best-known couturiersD stopped producing haute couture dresses
答案如下:
A
解析: 第二段第二句的开头 "Outraged that he was losing money on evening dresses costing tens of thousands of pounds,…”说明Jean-Louis对自己的亏奋很生气。其他三项中所提到的事文中未提及。
Going Her Own Way When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education. Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school, though some attended private Catholic "finishing" schools. There they learned a little about music, art, needlework, and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria — or her mother. By this time, she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the park. Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school, something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time, there were two types of high schools: the "classical”, schools and the "technical" schools. In the classical schools, the students followed a very traditional program of studies, with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature, and Italian literature and history. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools. Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modern than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages, mathematics, science, and accounting. Most people — including Maria’s father — believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore, they did not think it was proper for girls to study them. Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school, she had to win her father's approval. She finally did, with her mother's help, though for many years after, there was tension in the family. Maria's father continued to oppose her plans, while her mother helped her. In 1883, at age thirteen, Maria entered the "Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti "in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects, the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.Maria warded to attend . A a private "finishing"schoolB a school teaching LatinC a technical high schoolD a school for art and music
答案如下:
C
解析: 第三段第一句话 "Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school. "对Maria 想上哪类学校讲得很清楚。
All the flats in the building had the same layout. A colorB arrangementC sizeD function
答案如下:
B
解析: layout 是“布局,安排”的意思,如 "layout of the exhibition hall,layout of the shopping complex"等。本句的意思是:大楼里所有的公寓布局都一样。arrangement可以指时间、日程的安排,也可以指空间的分割和安排。function意为“功能”。
Going Her Own Way When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education. Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school, though some attended private Catholic "finishing" schools. There they learned a little about music, art, needlework, and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria — or her mother. By this time, she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the park. Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school, something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time, there were two types of high schools: the "classical”, schools and the "technical" schools. In the classical schools, the students followed a very traditional program of studies, with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature, and Italian literature and history. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools. Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modern than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages, mathematics, science, and accounting. Most people — including Maria’s father — believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore, they did not think it was proper for girls to study them. Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school, she had to win her father's approval. She finally did, with her mother's help, though for many years after, there was tension in the family. Maria's father continued to oppose her plans, while her mother helped her. In 1883, at age thirteen, Maria entered the "Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti "in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects, the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.High school teachers in Italy in those days were very . A flexibleB intelligentC kindD strict
答案如下:
D
解析: 答案可以从最后一段,尤其是最后一句话"Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient."中可以看出。
Family History In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being attracted to the (51) of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by (52) their own family history. They can try to (53) out more about where their families came from and what they did. This is now a fast-growing hobby, especially in countries______(54) a greatly short history, like Australia and the United States. It is one thing to spend some time______(55) through a book on family history and to______(56) the decision to investigate your own family's past. It is quite another to ______(57) out the research work successfully. It is easy to set about it in a disorganised ______(58) and cause yourself many problems which could have been ______ (59) with a little forward planning. If your own family stories tell you (60) you are connected with a famous character, whether hero or criminal, do not let this idea take______ (61) your research. Just treat it as an interesting (62). A simple system for collecting and storing your information will be adequate to ______ (63) with; a more complex one may only get in your______ (64). The most important thing, though, is to get started. Who______ (65) what you might find? A more complex one may only get in your______ (64).
A. sideB. wayC. roadD. track
答案如下:
B
解析: get in one’s way 为“挡路”,为固定搭配。
Family History In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being attracted to the (51) of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by (52) their own family history. They can try to (53) out more about where their families came from and what they did. This is now a fast-growing hobby, especially in countries______(54) a greatly short history, like Australia and the United States. It is one thing to spend some time______(55) through a book on family history and to______(56) the decision to investigate your own family's past. It is quite another to ______(57) out the research work successfully. It is easy to set about it in a disorganised ______(58) and cause yourself many problems which could have been ______ (59) with a little forward planning. If your own family stories tell you (60) you are connected with a famous character, whether hero or criminal, do not let this idea take______ (61) your research. Just treat it as an interesting (62). A simple system for collecting and storing your information will be adequate to ______ (63) with; a more complex one may only get in your______ (64). The most important thing, though, is to get started. Who______ (65) what you might find? Do not let this idea take______ (61) your research.
A. overB. upC. awayD.off
答案如下:
A
解析: take over 为“接管,接替,取代”。句子意思是不要让这样的想法干扰了你的研究。
The Mysteries of Nazca In the desert of Peru, 300 kilometers from Lima, one of the most unusual artworks in the world has mystified (迷惑)people for decades. (46) But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish, seashells all beautifully carved into the earth. The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they weren’t discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70 different human and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles, circles, and lines. Researchers have figured out that the lines are at least 1,500 years old, but their purpose is still a mystery. __________ (47) However, it would probably be very tricky to land a spaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys. In the 1940s, an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings were a chronicle (记录)of the movement of the stars and planets. ______ (48) Later, an astronomer tested his theory with a computer, but he couldn’t find any relation between the lines and movements in space. Another explanation is that the lines may have been made for religious reasons. British researcher Tony Morrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes Mountain and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road. It’s possible the lines of Nazca were created for a similar purpose. ___________ (49) But the local people have never constructed anything this big. Recently, two other scientists, David Johnson and Steve Mabee, have speculated that the lines could have been related to water Nazca is one of the driest places in the world and receives only 2 cm of rain every year. While Johnson was searching for ancient water sources in the area, he noticed that some waterways built by ancient people were connected with the lines. Johnson believes that the Nazca lines are a giant map of the underground water in the area. ________ (50) (46)A He called Nazca "the largest astronomy book in the world".B Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.C Scholars diiffer in interpreting the purpose of the designs.D Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.E A Swiss writer named Erich von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs.F The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies.
答案如下:
B
解析: 空格后面那句话以"but"开头是一个很好的提示,既然这句话说的是“然而,从高空看下去.”,那么空格里那句话应该和这句话形成对比。果然,这句话说的是"Seen from the ground,it looks like lines scratched into the earth.(从地面上看……)。
The Mysteries of Nazca In the desert of Peru, 300 kilometers from Lima, one of the most unusual artworks in the world has mystified (迷惑)people for decades. (46) But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish, seashells all beautifully carved into the earth. The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they weren’t discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70 different human and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles, circles, and lines. Researchers have figured out that the lines are at least 1,500 years old, but their purpose is still a mystery. __________ (47) However, it would probably be very tricky to land a spaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys. In the 1940s, an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings were a chronicle (记录)of the movement of the stars and planets. ______ (48) Later, an astronomer tested his theory with a computer, but he couldn’t find any relation between the lines and movements in space. Another explanation is that the lines may have been made for religious reasons. British researcher Tony Morrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes Mountain and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road. It’s possible the lines of Nazca were created for a similar purpose. ___________ (49) But the local people have never constructed anything this big. Recently, two other scientists, David Johnson and Steve Mabee, have speculated that the lines could have been related to water Nazca is one of the driest places in the world and receives only 2 cm of rain every year. While Johnson was searching for ancient water sources in the area, he noticed that some waterways built by ancient people were connected with the lines. Johnson believes that the Nazca lines are a giant map of the underground water in the area. ________ (50) (49) A He called Nazca "the largest astronomy book in the world".B Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.C Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs.D Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.E A Swiss writer named Erich von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs.F The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies.
答案如下:
A
解析: 从空格前后的两个句子可以看出,这一段是从天文学研究的角度来揣测这些奇怪图像的作用的。6个选项中只有A项和天文有关"the largest astronomy book in the world"。此外,这句话中的代词he也能在上文中找到合适的所指,即"an American explorer named Paul Kosok"。

采购人、采购代理机构的哪些行为属于严重违法行为?

答案如下:

采购人、采购代理机构及其工作人员在政府采购活动中与供应商或代理机构恶意串通、在采购过程中接受贿赂或获取其他不正当利益、在有关部门依法实施的监督检查中提供虚假情况以及开标前泄露标底,会产生比较严重的后果,依法应当严肃处理。

政府采购预算编制的原则是什么?

答案如下:

采购单位在编制政府采购预算时,应遵循以下基本原则:
(1)政策性原则;
(2)实用性原则;
(3)可靠性原则;
(4)完整性原则;
(5)统一性原则。

《内蒙古自治区财政厅关于做好政府采购代理机构资格认定工作的通知》中规定,拟申请政府采购乙级资格认定的代理机构,至少有10名从业人员应参加过政府采购培训,具体指哪些培训?

答案如下:

是指政府采购代理机构在内蒙古自治区区域内从事政府采购业务的工作人员中,至少有10人参加过内蒙古自治区财政厅或财政厅指定机构组织的政府采购法规制度继续教育或培训,并取得培训证书或由培训证明。

采购人、采购代理机构有严重违法行为的,该如何承担法律责任?

答案如下:

对于采购人、采购代理机构严重违法行为构成犯罪的,应当依法追究刑事责任,尚未构成犯罪的,处以罚款,有违法所得的,没收违法所得。属于国家机关工作人员的,依法给予行政处分。

如何组织招标采购项目的现场考察和标前答疑会?

答案如下:

招标采购单位根据招标采购项目的具体情况,可以组织潜在投标人现场考察或者召开开标前答疑会,但不得单独或者分别组织只有一个投标人参加的现场考察。

《政府采购法》是如何促进廉政建设的?

答案如下:

政府采购规模巨大,且由于采购单位与供应商的地位不对等,在缺乏完善的监督体系的情况下极容易出现腐败行为。因此,推行政府采购制度被作为从源头上预防腐败的重要措施之一。《政府采购法》规定,政府采购要按程序运作,要提高政府采购活动的透明度,消除暗箱操作,要建立制衡机制,要加强监督管理,净化交易环境,预防新的腐败,使政府采购成为名符其实的“阳光下的交易”,从根本上抑制腐败现象的发生,促进廉政建设,维护政府形象。

审计机关对于政府采购活动应履行的职责是什么?

答案如下:

审计机关主要负责对政府采购监督管理部门、政府采购各当事人有关政府采购活动进行审计监督。审计监督属于事后监督,监督重点是采购资金使用的合法性及有关财经纪律问题。

县级以上各级人民代表大会常务委员会和乡、民族乡、镇人民代表大会对本级决算草案,重点审查()等方面内容。

A、预算收入情况

B、支出政策实施情况和重点支出、重大投资项目资金的使用

C、资金结余情况

D、收入安排情况

答案如下:

A,B,C

如何对招标文件进行澄清和修改?

答案如下:

招标采购单位对已发出的招标文件需要进行澄清或者修改的,应当在招标文件要求提交投标文件截止时间十五日前,在财政部门指定的政府采购信息发布媒体上发布更正公告,并以书面形式通知所有招标文件收受人。该澄清或者修改的内容为招标文件的组成部分。

政府采购代理机构的权利包括哪些内容?

答案如下:

按照政府采购法规定,政府采购代理机构的权利包括:
(1)接受委托权;
(2)拒绝干预权;
(3)监督履约权;
(4)完善网络权;
(5)收取费用权;
(6)法律法规规定的其他权利。